3E8.D10 (Affinity BioReagents Co.) may not be completely overlapped with Autophagy inhibitor molecular weight FimH-binding site on the ATP synthase β-subunit. Another possibility is that ATP synthase β-subunit may be one of several mannose-insensitive binding targets on HBMEC for fim+E. coli K1. In summary, type 1 fim+E. coli K1 binds to HBMEC in both mannose-sensitive and -insensitive manner. We have identified that CD48 is the mannose-containing HBMEC surface receptor
interacting with FimH (Khan et al., 2007). In the present study, the mannose-insensitive receptors for FimH on the surface of HBMEC were identified, which include ATP synthase β-subunit. The mannose-insensitive FimH binding may contribute to E. coli K1 binding to HBMEC in the mannose moiety-rich environment such as the bloodstream, where meningitis-causing E. coli K1 interacts MS-275 in vivo with the blood–brain barrier to penetrate into the central nervous system. Additional studies are needed to further elucidate the role of mannose-insensitive HBMEC binding in the pathogenesis of E. coli K1 meningitis. This work was supported in part by the NIH grants NS 26310 and AI 47225. Fig. S1. Immunofluorescence microscopy for the localization of ATP synthase β-subunit and
β-actin in HBMEC. Please note: Wiley-Blackwell is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting materials supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing material) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. “
“Bacteriophage Mu was the first transposable phage to be discovered and still serves as the model for a large
family of related transposable phages and prophages. The Mu genome sequence Metformin molecular weight is known (NC-000929.1 GI:9633494), but not all of the genes have been assigned to the ORFs in the genome sequence. For this paper, we have sequenced an approximately 3-kb DNA region containing four predicted ORFs, Mup35–Mup38, from lysogens containing amber mutant prophages defective in either the J or the K gene. Amber mutations in prophages with J gene mutations mapped to the Mup36 ORF, and those in the K gene were found in Mup37, identifying the ORFs corresponding to these genes. Bacteriophages have served as excellent model systems for the study of regulation of gene expression, DNA replication, and the stepwise assembly of protein subunits into complex macromolecular structures that package and protect the phage nucleic acid genome in mature phage particles (Toussaint et al., 1994; Rao & Feiss, 2008; Hamdan & Richardson, 2009). Phage Mu was discovered in 1963 and named Mu (for mutator) for its unprecedented ability to cause mutations in Escherichia coli genes upon lysogenization (Taylor, 1963). Such mutations are caused by integration of the Mu genome into host genes, at essentially random locations in the host genome (Taylor, 1963).