The mean age ± SD was 30 ± 11 versus 34 ± 12 years, daily proteinuria 0.91 ± 1.12 versus 1.09 ± 1.43 g, and serum creatinine was 1.07 ± 0.27 versus 1.07 ± 0.31 mg/dl. These patients correspond to an earlier or milder stage than those in the study by Rasche et al. The renal survival rates of the tonsillectomy

and non-tonsillectomy groups at 10 years were 98% and 89%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference; however, the renal survival rates at 20 years were 90% and 63.8%, respectively (p < 0.05). They summarized that tonsillectomy improved renal survival in IgA nephropathy patients 20 years later (Table 4). In 2007, Chen et al. [11] investigated the efficacy of tonsillectomy in terms of long-term CR and renal survival in Chinese patients

with IgA nephropathy. They performed a 130-month retrospective case−control study of 112 patients with idiopathic biopsy-proven https://www.selleckchem.com/products/JNJ-26481585.html IgA nephropathy from 1983 to 1999. There were 54 patients who underwent tonsillectomy and 58 patients who did not. The CR rate was 46.3% in patients with tonsillectomy and 27.6% in those without tonsillectomy during the follow-up period that lasted a mean ± SD of 130 ± 50.3 months (range 60–276 months). The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed no significant selleckchem difference in renal survival rates between PI3K inhibitor patients with and without tonsillectomy (p = 0.059). Since the p value was 0.059 with an observation period of 15 years, differences in the renal survival rate with versus without tonsillectomy may become significant if the observation period were extended to over 20 years (Table 4). Does TSP induce CR? In 2001, Hotta et al. [2] proposed TSP as a new approach that can induce Levetiracetam CR in IgA nephropathy. They analyzed 329 patients with IgA nephropathy from 1977 to 1995. The patient profile was as follows: age (mean ± SD), 36.1 ± 12.8 years; daily proteinuria, 1.40 ± 1.09 g; serum creatinine, 1.14 ± 0.48 mg/dl. There was a correlation between serum creatinine levels and urinary remission rates. In patients with serum creatinine <0.8 mg/dl, the urinary complete remission rate was 55% in men and 65%

in women. In patients with serum creatinine between 0.9 and 1.0 mg/dl, it was 55% in both men and women, and in patients with serum creatinine between 1.1 and 1.3 mg/dl, it was 50% in men and 30% in women. Male and female patients with serum creatinine >1.4 mg/dl had a urinary complete remission rate of approximately 20%. These results suggest that patients with serum creatinine >1.4 mg/dl are resistant to several types of therapy, including steroid therapy and TSP. In a Cox regression analysis with 13 variables, serum creatinine <1.3 mg/dl, daily proteinuria between 0.5 and 1.5 g, histological score (the index of glomerular lesion, calculated by the degree of mesangial proliferation and sclerosis) <2.00, steroid pulse therapy, and tonsillectomy were identified as prognostic factors for urinary complete remission.