, 2008 [23] 58 Female – Yes – Emergency – Yes Palanivelu et al., 2008 mTOR inhibitor [24] – Male – - Yes Elective – Yes Palanivelu et al., 2008 [24] – Male – Yes Yes Emergency – Yes Palanivelu

et al., 2008 [24] – Female – Yes Yes Elective – Yes Shoji et al., 2007 [25] 60 Male – - – Emergency – Yes Papaziogas et al., 2007 [26] 35 Female – Yes – Emergency Yes – Moon et al., 2006 [27] 18 Male – Yes – Emergency – Yes Brehm et al. 2006 [28] 54 Female Yes – Yes Emergency Yes – Thoma et al., 2006 [29] 72 Female Yes – - Elective Yes – Cingi et al., 2006 [30] 30 Male Yes – - Emergency Yes – Kurachi et al., 2006 [31] 47 Female – Yes – Emergency Yes – Huang et al., 2005 [32] 24 Male Yes Yes – Emergency Yes – Ovali et al., 2005 [33] 52 Female Yes – Yes Refused surgery – - BLZ945 concentration Fukunaga et al., 2004 [34] 51 Male Yes Yes Yes Emergency – Yes Rollins et al., 2004

[35] 21 Male Yes – Yes Elective – Yes Patti et al., 2004 [36] 46 Male Yes – - Elective Yes – Catalano et al., 2004 [37] 82 Male – Yes Yes Emergency Yes – Goodney et al., 2004 [38] 75 Male Yes – - Elective Yes – Tong et al., 2002 [39] 30 Male Yes – - Elective Yes – Nishida et al., 2001 [40] 47 Male Yes – Yes Elective Yes Yes Patil et al., 1999 [41] 29 Female – - Yes Emergency Yes – Schaffler et al., 1999 [42] 26 Male Yes – Yes Elective Yes – Uematsu et al., 1998 [43] 44 Male Yes – - Elective – Yes Hirasaki et al., 1998 [44] 28 Female Yes – Yes Elective Yes – Mcdonagh et al., 1996 [45] 52 Male – Yes – Emergency Yes – Suchato et al., 1996 [46] 40 Male – Yes – Emergency Yes – Suchato et al., 1996 [46] 52 Male Yes RANTES – - Emergency Yes – Warshauer et al., 1992 [47] 42 Female Yes – Yes Elective

Yes – Toit et al., 1986 [48] 22 Male – Yes – Emergency Yes – Tireli et al., 1982 [49] 18 Male – Yes – Emergency Yes – Radiological diagnosis of LPDH prior to surgery was achieved in 43% of patients. On CT scan, typical appearance of LPDH is an encapsulated sac containing clusters of dilated small bowel loops at or above the ligament of Treitz with a mass like effect compressing the posterior gastric wall and distal part of the duodenum. Besides, there is engorgement and crowding of the mesenteric vessels with frequent right displacement of the main mesenteric trunk and depression of the transverse colon (Figure  1). Once a LPDH is identified, operative STI571 treatment is necessary, as patients with a LPDH have a 50% lifetime risk of developing small bowel obstruction with a 20–50% mortality rate for acute presentations [6, 8]. In this review, 28 patients (67%) underwent emergency surgery. Of those 43 patients, 15 patients had laparoscopic repair of LPDH. Surgical intervention included reduction of the herniated small bowel loops and closure of the hernia orifice with non-absorbable sutures or a mesh [5, 24]. A different possibility was to widen the hernia orifice to prevent future incarceration of bowel loops [5].