(a) A schematic diagram of a miniaturized SPR sensor system, (b) the configuration of the WcBiM chip and the conventional Au chip, and (c) experimental setup and both the fabricated WcBiM and Au sensor chips. Waveguide-coupled bimetallic chip The configuration of the WcBiM SPR chip is shown in Figure 1b. This was prepared by the deposition of gold (Au), waveguide (ZnS-SiO2), and silver (Ag) onto the glass substrate using an RF magnetron. The thickness of each layer was Au (31 nm)/ZnS-SiO2 (190 nm)/Ag (25 nm), which was optimized using a commercial optical thin film software (SCI Film Wizard™,

Carlsbad, CA, USA). ZnS-SiO2 was adopted as a waveguide because it exhibits a good adhesion property

between Ag and Au. For verification of the performance of the WcBiM chip, it was compared with the commercialized Doramapimod Au chip (K-MAC, Daejeon, Korea). The Au chip consists of Au (50 nm)/Cr (2 nm) on a glass substrate. Experimental setup is represented in Figure 1c, and both WcBiM and Au chips are shown in the inset of Figure 1c. Materials and detection of biotin KPT 330 streptavidin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was immobilized on the sensor chip modified by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM; K-MAC, Daejeon, Korea) containing N-hydroxysuccinimide and ethyl(dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide so that the amine group would react easily. The WcBiM SPR chip was dipped in 1 mM SAM solution in ethanol (2.5 ml) overnight. The streptavidin molecules were covalently immobilized onto the

Fedratinib ic50 sensor chip by injection of the streptavidin solution into the sensor system. Next, the biotin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was made to flow into the SPR sensor system in order of concentration at 50, 100, 150, and 200 ng/ml. All proteins were diluted in the phosphate-buffered saline (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) solution. Results and discussion In order to get the optimal configuration, the sensing characteristics of five different configurations of the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR-7) WcBiM SPR chips were investigated and compared using the commercial optical thin film software (SCI Film Wizard™) as shown in Figure 2. The five configurations were Au (31 nm)/ZnS-SiO2 (190 nm)/Ag (25 nm), Au (25 nm)/ZnS-SiO2 (190 nm)/Ag (25 nm), Au (31 nm)/ZnS-SiO2 (190 nm)/Ag (20 nm), Au (31 nm)/ZnS-SiO2 (190 nm)/Ag (35 nm), and Au (35 nm)/ZnS-SiO2 (190 nm)/Ag (25 nm). The thickness of the waveguide was fixed. In this calculation, the refractive indices of the BK7 and PBS were set to be 1.515 and 1.335, respectively. The line widths of the reflectance curve for each stack were close to each other. When biomolecules are adsorbed onto the sensor chip, then the refractive index is changed. Thus, we assumed that the refractive index was changed from 1.335 to 1.35, and the change in the reflectance was calculated at the angle where the steepest slope is.