After washing, the membranes were incubated for 1 h with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse or goat anti-human IgG (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) diluted 1:10,000 in blocking buffer [31]. After washing, the reactivity on the membranes was detected with an ECL Western blot detection

kit (Pierce, Rockford, IL). To align Coomassie-stained gels with immunoblot images, gel images were acquired with a GS-800 calibrated imaging densitometer (selleck chemicals llc Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). The spot detection, estimation of isoelectric point (pI) and molecular weight (Mw) PF-01367338 ic50 were done by PDQuest 2-D Analysis Software 8.0.1 (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). The blot images were overlaid onto parallel stained gels to allow direct comparison of spots from blot images and stained gels. Identification of seroreactive proteins The Coomassie-stained protein spots that correlated with the seroreactive spots were excised and processed by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Protein digestion and MALDI-TOF-MS were performed by the National Center of Biomedical Analysis (Beijing, China). All mass spectra of MALDITOF-MS were obtained on a Bruker REFLEX III MALDI-TOF-MS

(Bruker-Franzen, Bremen, Germany) as described previously MK-1775 manufacturer [32]. The resultant peptides were mass fingerprinted and compared against the National Center for Biotechnology Information nonredundant databases using N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase the Mascot search engine (http://​www.​matrixscience.​co.​uk). Proteins less than 20 kDa were reconfirmed by an Electrospray Ionization (ESI)-MS/MS approach and the database search was finished with a Mascot MS/MS ion search as described previously [32]. The identification process was repeated at least three

times using appropriate spot candidates from different gels. Preparation of recombinant seroreactive proteins The open reading frames (ORFs) of 20 seroreactive proteins recognized in the immunoproteomic assay were identified in the genome sequence of C. burnetii RSA 493/RSA331 (accession number NC_002971/NC_010117) with the highest sequence coverage and Mascot score. The primer pairs that amplified the 20 proteins were designed based on the DNA sequences of the ORFs(Additional file 1: Table S1)and synthesized by the Sangon Company (Sangon, Shanghai, China). Amplified gene targets were cloned into pET32a/pQE30, with the resultant recombinant proteins expressed as His (6)-tagged fusion proteins in E. coli BL21 (DE3)/M15 (Novagen, Madison, WI). The resultant recombinant proteins were purified by affinity chromatography with Ni-NTA resin (Qiagen, GmbH, Germany) and analysed by SDS-PAGE to test their purity and integrity according to the manufacturer’s protocol.