Hamiltonella showed the highest prevalence in all populations tested and was detected in 52% of the individuals tested; sometimes it was the only symbiont detected in a particular MK5108 datasheet population and it was fixed or close to fixation in some populations, for example those collected in Pula, Cavtat and Visici. The presence of each symbiont varied considerably between populations. For example Hamiltonella was fixed in the population from Brac, and

this population did not harbor Rickettsia. However, in the population from Zadar, Hamiltonella was found in only one individual while Rickettsia was almost fixed. Single infections were more prevalent (52% of the total individuals tested) than mixed infections (two or more symbionts in the same individual–31% of all individuals tested).

All symbionts tested were found in at least one or more cases in which they were co-infecting the same individual. Figure 3 demonstrates the high variability in secondary symbiont prevalence in the different populations tested, and while some populations were heterogeneous and contained multiple symbionts (for example the populations from Turanj), other populations Endonuclease were found to be infected with learn more only one symbiont (the populations from Pula and Cavtat). Table 1 B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum populations collected across Croatia and neighboring countries in this

study Population number Collection location Species and biotype Host plant 1 Pula B. tabaci Q Poinsettia 2 Zadar B. tabaci Q Hibiscus 3 Turanj B. tabaci Q Tomato 4 Turanj B. tabaci Q Poinsettia 5 Kastela B. tabaci Q Hibiscus 6 Brac B. tabaci Q Cucumber 7 Cavtat B. tabaci Q Black nightshade 8 Veljaci (Bosnia and Herzegovina) B. tabaci Q Zucchini 9 Visici (Bosnia and Herzegovina) B. tabaci Q Datura 10 Podgorica (Monte Negro) B. tabaci B Hibiscus 11 Cepin T. vaporariorum Gerbera 12 Velika Ludina T. vaporariorum Datura 13 Zabok T. vaporariorum Pumpkin 14 Donja Lomnica T. vaporariorum Strawberries 15 Karlovac T. vaporariorum Zucchini 16 Novigrad T. vaporariorum Tomato 17 Pula T. vaporariorum Petunia 18 Turanj T. vaporariorum Tomato 19 Split T. vaporariorum Tobacco 20 Tugare T. vaporariorum Cucumber 21 Brac T. vaporariorum Cucumber 22 Metkovic T. vaporariorum Tomato 23 Dubrovnik T. vaporariorum Gerbera 24 Veljaci (Bosnia and Herzegovina) T.