Thus, these drugs show promise in the treatment of liver cancer.15 Wang et al used tanshinone IIA and tanshinone IIA nanoparticles selleck in the treatment of tumor-bearing mice with transplanted liver cancer H22 cells. Compared with the control group, tanshinone IIA and tanshinone IIA nanoparticles significantly inhibited tumor growth, and at the same level of drug concentration, tanshinone IIA nanoparticles inhibited tumor growth significantly better than tanshinone IIA, as demonstrated by significantly increased tumor necrosis and apoptosis, and lower cyclin E expression. This indicated that tanshinone IIA nanoparticles were superior to tanshinone IIA.16 The uptake of nanoparticles was affected by the size, shape, surface characteristics, medium concentration, incubation time, temperature, and many other factors.

17�C22 Combining drug-loaded nanoparticles with monoclonal antibodies against human hepatocellular carcinoma produces a drug-nanoparticle-monoclonal antibody immune complex. McAb can carry drug-loaded nanoparticles to specific target sites, thus enhancing specific cancer cell-drug combinations, increasing the drug concentration, and improving efficacy. Wu et al combined the highly specific anti-human liver acid ferritin monoclonal antibody with doxorubicin-poly butyl cyanoacrylate nanoparticles and prepared liver-specific doxorubicin immuno-nanoparticles. Experiments showed that the nanoparticles had a significantly longer half-life and high targeting in nude mice tumor inhibition experiments in vivo and cytotoxicity experiments in vitro.

The drug accumulated in the liver tumor, greatly increasing the drug��s concentration, extending the time during which it is effective, enhancing the efficacy, and reducing toxicity to other organs.23 Liu et al connected anti-tumor monoclonal antibody HAb18 with mitoxantrone-bovine serum albumin nanoparticles and prepared liver-specific immuno-nanoparticles, which could effectively combine with human liver cancer cells. In vitro studies indicated that the nano-drug could significantly enhance the inhibition of human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cell growth.24 Chen et al wrapped doxorubicin in a phospholipid bilayer and prepared liver-specific immuno-phospholipid nanoparticles, which showed greatly increased inhibition of human liver cancer cell growth compared with doxorubicin or an ordinary plasmid.

Compared with liposomes, lipid nanoparticles significantly improved the inhibition rate in mice bearing nude human liver cancer. Nanoparticles significantly increased the targeting of tumors, elevated drug concentration, extended the time during which it was effective, and reduced doxorubicin toxicity to other organs.25 Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a AV-951 major plasma protein produced by the yolk sac and the liver during fetal development.