Fig.11 for the active network case F��0>0. More precisely, the value of stimulus ��low (��high) corresponding to a low (high) threshold of activity F��low (F��high) are found and the dynamic range is calculated as ��=10log10(��high�M��low). (31) Using our approximations to the response F�� as a function of stimulus ��, we can study the effect selleck catalog of network topology on the dynamic range. The first approximation is based on the analysis of Sec. 4A. Using Eq. 17, the values of �� corresponding to a given stimulus threshold can be found numerically and the dynamic range calculated. Figure 1 Schematic illustration of the definition of dynamic range in the active network case. The baseline and saturation values are F��0 and F��1, respectively. Two threshold values, denoted by F��low and F��high, respectively, are .

.. Another approximation that gives theoretical insight into the effects of network topology and the distribution of refractory states on the dynamic range can be developed as in Ref. 2, by using the perturbative approximations developed in Sec. 4B. In order to satisfy the restrictions under which those approximations were developed, we will use F��high=F��1 and F��low=F��0?1. Taking the upper threshold to be F��high=F��1 is reasonable if the response decreases quickly from F��1, so that the effect of the network on the dynamic range is dependent mostly on its effect on F��low. Whether or not this is the case can be established numerically or theoretically from Eq. 22, and we find it is so in our numerical examples when mi are not large (see Fig. Fig.5).5).

Taking ��high=1 and ��low=��* we have ��=-10log10(��*). (32) The stimulus level �� can be found in terms of F�� by solving Eq. 20 and keeping the leading order terms in F��, obtaining ��=F��2��d��2��vu2(12+m)��-F�ġ�d��(��-1)��u����uv���ˡ�v����u��2. (33) This equation shows that as �ǡ�0 the response scales as F��~�� for the quiescent curves (��<1) and as F��~��1�M2 for the critical curve (��=1). We highlight that these scaling exponents for both the quiescent and critical regimes are precisely those derived in Ref. 1 for random networks, attesting to their robustness to the generalization of the criticality criterion to ��=1, the inclusion of time delays, and heterogeneous refractory periods. This is particularly important because these exponents could be measured experimentally.

1 Using this approximation for ��* in Eq. 32, we obtain an analytical expression for the dynamic range valid when the lower threshold F* is small. Of particular theoretical interest is the maximum achievable dynamic range ��max for a given topology. It can be found by setting ��=1 in Eq. 33 and inserting the result in Eq. 32, obtaining ��max=��0-10log10(��d��2��vu2(12+m)����v����u��2), (34) where ��0=-20log10(F*)>0 depends on the threshold F* but is independent of the network topology or the distribution Carfilzomib of refractory states.