Addition of organic phase in to aqueous phase under the influence of sonication results in rapid miscibility of ethanol with water, which increases the polarity of the ethanol and decreases the solubility of curcumin leading to initiation of crystal nucleation. Concurrently, sonication process produce bubbles, whose size is near the resonant size for the applied frequency

and begins to oscillate nonlinearly and finally collapse resulting in production of extremely high temperature, high pressure, and shock wave, which inhibits the crystal growth of curcumin. However, developed curcumin nanocrystals form complex with β-cyclodextrin, which increases the stability and solubility of curcumin in the aqueous phase. Subsequently, sodium lauryl sulfate get adsorbed on the curcumin and offer negative charge to the surface. Negatively charged particles repel each other Luminespib order and develop

an electrostatic force, which maintains the nanoparticles in Brownian motion and overcomes the Van der Waals force of attraction and gravitational force resulting in the prevention of nanoparticle aggregation and sedimentation. Prepared SLS/βCD-curcumin nanosuspension was characterized for mean particle size, surface area, span (distribution width), and uniformity as these parameters determines the solubility, stability, cellular uptake and consistency of performance.8 5-FU price In the Phosphoprotein phosphatase present study, we have prepared nine formulations to optimize various concentrations of SLS and βCD. Prepared SLS/βCD-curcumin nanosuspension was characterized for mean particle size, surface area, distribution width (span), and uniformity and the results are summarized in Table 1. Increase in concentration of SLS and βCD from 25 mg to 50 mg have shown increase in mean particle size. However, equal amount of SLS and βCD at low concentration (i.e. 25 mg) has produced mean particle size of 270 nm with

the surface area of 47 m2/g, span of 4.574 and uniformity of 1.250. Similarly, equal amount of SLS and βCD at high concentration (i.e. 50 mg) has produced mean particle size of 206 nm with surface area of 53.4 m2/g, span of 4.365 and uniformity of 1.020. Out of nine formulations, FC1 has produced a mean particle size of 176 nm with surface area of 56.8 m2/g, span of 1.456 and uniformity of 0.779. In spite of least mean particle size, span, uniformity and higher surface area, FC1 does not contain β-cyclodextrin, which may leads to curcumin instability in aqueous nanosuspension. Hence, we have preferred formulation FC3 with mean particle size of 206 nm, surface area of 53.4 m2/g, span of 4.365 and uniformity of 1.020 (Fig. 1).