Such data would also support the development of a designer vaccine for a specific region [17]. G12, known as the emerging genotype worldwide, detected earlier in Pune at a significant level (8.9%) [4] showed variability (0–10.2%) in circulation during the period of present study. Our study

was limited by the data from Pune city only. Hence, the results presented here may not be generalized to the rest of India. Further, G and P-type could not be determined for about 13.2% of rotavirus positive specimens. Point mutations at the primer binding site decrease the affinity of primer binding and may explain the failure to type such strains. This underscores a regular revision of typing primers. Incorporation of VP6 gene RT-PCR would also Ipatasertib manufacturer help confirm the presence of ELISA

reactive untypeable rotavirus strains. To summarize, this study together with earlier studies that describe rotavirus epidemiology in Pune underlines the heavy burden of rotavirus disease, the predominance of G1P[8] and G2P[4] strains, the continued circulation of G9 strains with the emergence of G9P[4] reassortant and G12 strains in Pune, western India. These findings evoke the need for further analysis of common, rare and emerging strains of rotaviruses at complete genome level to determine intergenogroup reassortments, emergence of unusual lineages, antigenic drift and antigenic shift. Such studies will be useful to understand the

mechanisms of rotavirus strain diversity and molecular evolution and most importantly in assessing the efficacy of rotavirus vaccines. The Epacadostat chemical structure authors thank Dr. D.T. Mourya, Director, National Institute of Virology, Pune for his constant support. The authors acknowledge Indian Meteorological Department, Govt. of India, Pune for providing Meteorological data for the study. The assistance provided by Mr. P.S. Jadhav and Mr. M.S. Shinde during sample collection from the hospitals and testing is gratefully acknowledged. Conflict of interest statement: The authors have no conflict of interest. “
“Rotavirus is a major cause of mortality particularly in infants and children in under-developed and developing countries [1]. About one-third of the mortality due to rotavirus Dichloromethane dehalogenase infections has been shown to occur in the Indian subcontinent which includes India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan [2]. Most human infections are caused by group A viruses, but group B viruses have been reported to cause epidemics of adult gastroenteritis, initially in China, but later in other parts of Asia, including India and neighboring countries [3], [4] and [5]. Most childhood gastroenteritis due to rotavirus is associated with group A infections. Group A rotavirus disease is less common in adults, but does occur, possibly because of contact with children who have rotavirus gastroenteritis [6].