3, 4 and 5, respectively. In men (Fig. 3), there was a swathe of high-risk countries extending from North Western Europe (Iceland, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Sweden and Norway), both eastwards to the Russian Federation and downwards through to central Europe (Belgium, Germany, Austria and

Switzerland) and thereafter to the south west (Greece, Hungary, Czech Republic and Slovakia) and onwards to Iran, Kuwait and Oman. Other high-risk countries for men were Singapore, Malta, Japan, Cytoskeletal Signaling inhibitor Korea and Taiwan. Fig. 3 Hip fracture rates for men in different countries of the world categorised by risk. Where estimates are available, countries are colour coded red (annual incidence >150/100,000), 4SC-202 clinical trial orange (100–150/100,000) or green (<100/100,000) Fig. 4 Hip fracture rates for women in different countries of the world categorised by risk. Where estimates are available, countries are colour coded red (annual incidence >300/100,000), orange (200–300/100,000) or green (<200/100,000) Fig. 5 Hip fracture rates for men and women combined in different countries of the world categorised by risk. Where estimates are available, countries are colour coded red (annual incidence >250/100,000), orange (150–250/100,000) Geneticin nmr or green (<150/100,000) Regions of moderate risk included Oceania, China and India, Argentina and the countries of North America. If ethnic-specific rates were considered in USA, then the Hispanic, Asian and Black populations

of men would be colour coded green.

Low-risk countries included Latin America with the exception of Argentina, Africa and Saudi Arabia, the Iberian Peninsula and two countries in South East Asia (Indonesia and Thailand). In women there was a broadly similar pattern as that seen in men. A notable difference in the distribution of high risk was that Russia was represented as moderate risk in women rather than high risk (in men). Also, the swathe of high-risk countries in Europe and beyond was more consolidated extending from North Western Europe (Iceland, UK, Ireland, Denmark, Sweden and Norway) through to central Europe (Belgium, Germany, Austria and Switzerland Italy) and thereafter to the south west (Greece, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia) ID-8 and onwards to Lebanon, Oman and Iran. Other high-risk countries for women were Hong Kong, Singapore, Malta and Taiwan. If ethnic-specific rates were considered in USA, then Hispanic, Asian and Black populations would be colour coded green but Caucasian women coded at high risk. Regions of moderate risk included Oceania, the Russian Federation, the southern countries of Latin America and the countries of North America. Low-risk regions included the northern regions of Latin America, Africa, Jordan and Saudi Arabia, India, China, Indonesia and the Philippines. It is notable that in Europe, the majority of countries were categorised at high or moderate risk. Low risk was identified only in Croatia and Romania.