57 patients underwent open gastro-duodenal suture (85 1%) and six

57 patients underwent open gastro-duodenal suture (85.1%) and six patients underwent laparoscopic gastro-duodenal suture (8.1%). Two (2.7%) patients underwent gastro-duodenal resection. The nine remaining patients (12.2%) received conservative treatment (non-operative treatment, surgical drainage). Among the 44 patients with small bowel perforations, 35 underwent open small bowel resection (79.5%) and two (4.5%) underwent laparoscopic small bowel resection. The remaining seven patients were treated non-surgically. Among the 75 patients with colonic non-diverticular perforation, 25 patients (33.3%) underwent open Hartmann resection, 27 (36%) underwent open resection with anastomosis

and without stoma protection, and 11 underwent open resection with stoma protection (14.7%). Source control NSC 683864 was effective in 838 patients and ineffective GSK458 ic50 in 57 patients. Microbiology Intraperitoneal specimens

were collected from 586 (64.2%) patients. Intraperitoneal specimens were isolated from 453 of the 753 patients with community-acquired intra-abdominal infections (60.2%). Among the remaining 159 patients with healthcare-associated intra-abdominal infections, intraperitoneal specimens were collected from 133 patients (83.6%). The major pathogens involved in intra-abdominal infections were found to be Enterobacteriaceae. The aerobic bacteria identified in samples of peritoneal fluid are reported in Table 4. Table 4 Aerobic bacteria in the peritoneal fluids

Total 697 (100%) Aerobic Gram negative bacteria 492 (70,6%) Escherichia coli 314 (45%) (Escherichia coli LY294002 research buy resistant to third generation cephalosporins) 35 (5%) Klebsiella pneuumoniae 55 (7,9%) (Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to third generation cephalosporins) 19 (2,7%) Enterobacter 28 (4%) Proteus 14 (2%) Pseudomonas 32 (4,6%) Others 49 (7%) Aerobic Gram positive bacteria 205 (29,7%) Enterococcus faecalis 70 (10%) Enterococcus faecium 31 (4,4%) Staphylococcus Aureus 22 (3,1%) Streptococcus spp. 48 (6,9%) Others 34 (4,9%) In community-acquired IAIs, Escherichia coli ESBL isolates comprised 8.1% (21/259) of all Escherichia coli isolates, while Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL isolates represented 19.3% (6/31) of all Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae increased Thiamine-diphosphate kinase in the group of patients with healthcare-associated infections. Escherichia coli ESBL-positive isolates comprised 25.4% (14/55) of all Escherichia coli isolates, while Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL isolates made up 54.2% (13/24) of total Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. There were two isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae that proved to be resistant to Carbapenems. Both of these Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were acquired in an in-hospital intensive care unit. Among the identified aerobic gram-negative isolates, there were 32 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.6% among aerobic bacteria isolates).

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