(3)). Vd for [3H]colchicine was corrected for non-specific binding by subtracting the Vd for [14C]sucrose, as non-permeant extracellular marker. equation(3) Vd(μl)=dpmincells/[dpminaliquotofuptakemedium/volumeofaliquot(μl)] All dpm values were corrected for background dpm. Vd was then normalised for the cell protein concentration (mg) to give units of μl/mg protein. Selleckchem CAL 101 P.1 PBECs or RBE4 cells were grown in 96-well plates at 1.0×104 cells/200 μl growth medium per well. Cells were washed three times with PBS, and cell membranes disrupted by freezing at −80 °C for 20 min. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

assay was performed using Sigma Fast p-nitrophenyl phosphate tablets. Two hundred microlitres of pNPP was added to each well and incubated in the dark for 60 min at room temperature. Absorbance at 405 nm was read in a Labsystems Multiskan Ascent plate reader and protein concentration determined using the BCA protein assay kit. ALP activity levels are reported as absorbance per milligram protein.

Two vials each of PBECs from two different batches (batch 1 and 2) of PBEC were used to obtain primary and P.1 PBECs. RNA was extracted from three primary and P.1 cultures from each vial (24 samples) using the EZ1 RNA cell mini selleck products kit. Twelve microlitres of RNA (∼300–450 ng) from each sample was reverse transcribed using the QuantiTect reverse transcription kit to generate cDNA. RNA and cDNA were analysed (260/280 ratio: RNA∼2.0; cDNA∼1.8) and quantified using the NanoDrop® ND-1000 spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies, USA). Primers and TaqMan® probes for porcine glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Cytidine deaminase dehydrogenase (GAPDH, reference gene), occludin, claudin-5 and BCRP were designed using Primer Express® software from Applied Biosystems. The total gene specificity of the nucleotide sequences chosen for the primers and probes was confirmed using nucleotide-nucleotide BLAST searches (GenBank database sequences) (National Center for Biotechnology Information 2006). The nucleotide sequences

of the oligonucleotide hybridisation primers and probes for TaqMan analysis are shown in Table 3. TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed using the AB 7900HT Real-Time PCR System with a 384-well configuration. The TaqMan probes used in this study were dual-labelled with a 5′ end 6-FAM (a high-energy ‘Reporter’ dye) and a 3′ end TAMRA (a low-energy ‘Quencher’ dye). The optimum primer and probe concentrations were determined by running replicate standard samples at different primer and probe concentrations. The PCR reaction mixture contained 2 μl of cDNA sample (10 ng) and 2×TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix with 900 nM primers and 250 nM TaqMan probe in a total volume of 20 μl.