Significant factors included: greater first intermetatarsal angle (pooled SMD = 1.5, CI: 0.88-2.1), longer first metatarsal (pooled SMD = 1.0, CI; 0.48-1.6), round first metatarsal head (RR: 3.1-5.4), and
lateral sesamoid displacement (RR: 5.1-5.5). Results for clinical factors (e.g., first ray mobility, pes planus, footwear) were less conclusive regarding their association with HV.
Conclusions: Although conclusions regarding causality cannot be made from cross-sectional studies, this systematic review highlights important factors to monitor in HV assessment and management. Further studies with rigorous methodology are warranted to investigate PXD101 clinical trial clinical factors associated with HV. (c) 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose of review
This review focuses on proteinase 3 (PR3), the
preferred target of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) in Wegener’s granulomatosis. Deciphering the molecular associations that PR3 can make with its cognate partners might help to understand its pathophysiological significance in Wegener’s granulomatosis and the potential role of ANCA as modulator of PR3 functions.
Recent findings
In neutrophils, PR3 is mainly localized within azurophilic granules but is also detected at the plasma membrane. Among PR3 partners (CD16, CD11b/CD18), CD177, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein is a potential receptor for PR3. In addition, PR3 can be selleck chemicals llc externalized at the plasma membrane at a very early stage of neutrophil apoptosis, find more in
the absence of degranulation. In these conditions, PR3 is associated with specific partners including phospholipidscramblase-II and calreticulin. Interestingly, apoptosis-induced PR3 membrane expression significantly impaired macrophage phagocytosis. This new role of PR3 acting as a ‘don’t eat me signal’ that delays neutrophil clearance might potentiate inflammation and autoimmunity.
Summary
Since PR3 membrane expression seems to represent a key element in the inflammatory and autoimmunity process, elucidation of the molecular basis of PR3 interaction with the plasma membrane or with receptor proteins led to the possibility of targeted therapy.”
“Objective: To systematically review the use of Quantitative sensory testing (QST) in pain characterisation (phenotyping) in Osteoarthritis (OA).
Methods: Six bibliographic databases (Medline, Embase, Amed, Cinahl, PubMed, Web of Science) were searched to identify studies published before May 2011. Data were extracted based on the primary site of OA, QST modalities, outcome measures and test sites. Standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls) were calculated if possible. Publication bias was determined using funnel plot and Egger’s test. Heterogeneity was examined using Cochran Q test and 12 statistic. Random effects model was used to pool the results.