For each phantom, five anatomic regions

(head, neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis) were considered. Monte Carlo simulations were performed for spiral scanning protocols with different voltages. Effective dose was computed by using ICRP publication 60 and publication 103 recommendations. The calculated effective doses were compared with those derived from the DLP by using previously published conversion factors.

Results: In general, conversion factors determined on the basis of Monte Carlo calculations led to lower values for adults with both ICRP publications. Values up to 33% and 32% lower than previously GSI-IX price published data were found for ICRP publication 60 and ICRP publication 103, respectively. For pediatric individuals, effective doses based on the Monte Carlo calculations were higher than those obtained from DLP and previously published conversion

factors (eg, for chest CT scanning in 5-year-old children, an increase of about 76% would be expected). For children, a variation in conversion factors of up to 15% was observed when the tube voltage was varied. For adult individuals, no dependence on voltage was observed.

Conclusion: Conversion factors from DLP to effective dose should be specified separately for both sexes and should reflect the new ICRP recommendations. For pediatric patients, new conversion factors specific for the spectrum used should be established. (C) RSNA, 2010″
“An approach for the preparation Selleck PP2 Panobinostat in vivo of homogenous SrTiO(3) (STO) thin films with unprecedented compositional control is presented. Nanolaminates of SrO and TiO(2) were

deposited at 300 degrees C by atomic layer deposition on bare silicon, as well as on ruthenium electrodes using metalorganic precursors [Ti(NEtMe)(4) (TEMATi),Sr(iPr(3)Cp)(2) (AbsoluteSr)]. Care was taken that the individual sublayers were grown with a number of subcycles well in the steady-state growth regime. This enabled linear composition tuning with the Sr: Ti pulse ratio, which is beneficial for process control. Still, a substrate-specific growth behavior was observed for the individual precursors leading to different cycle ratio/composition dependence for samples grown on Si as compared to Ru substrates. This could be attributed to specific nucleation conditions, which are most pronounced for the initial cycle, but also prevail throughout the film. The as-deposited layers are well separated and the sublayers are amorphous. Subsequent furnace-annealing generated polycrystalline cubic STO films, but also caused a severe distortion of the metal electrode/STO stack, due to interdiffusion. The latter was suppressed by optimized rapid thermal crystallization anneals. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.