Catheter salvage combined selleck screening library with catheter antibiotic lock and systemic antibiotics might be considered in those with

limited alternative vascular access options. A multidisciplinary approach following suggested guideline recommendations can reduce recurrent CRI. Vascular access thrombosis is a major cause for vascular access failure. In a majority of the cases, the thrombosis occurs at the site of an underlying vascular stenosis. Treatment of the underlying anatomical pathology is critical to success of access salvage and both surgical thrombectomy and percutaneous intervention have been used to treat vascular access thrombosis. Dialysis Access Steal Syndrome (DASS) requiring intervention has an incidence of around 4% Patients with steal phenomenon present

with a combination of either paraesthesia, pain, ulceration and/or tissue loss. DASS tends to present earlier in patients with an AVG compared with those with a native AVF. The scope of the guidelines was to review the available literature to compare outcomes of surgical thrombectomy with or without revision and surgical bypass with thrombolysis with or without angioplasty and make recommendations on the best approach to take in the event of access thrombosis. Evidence on the management of steal syndrome will also be assessed. Surgical thrombectomy is recommended for treatment of Polytetrafluoroethylene graft thrombosis. Navitoclax (Level 1 evidence) Pharmacomechanical thrombolysis delays procedural time and is not recommended as an adjunct therapy to mechanical thrombolysis for Polytetrafluoroethylene grafts. (Level 2 evidence) (Suggestions are based on Level III and IV evidence) There is no evidence to strongly support surgical or radiological therapy aminophylline as the preferred option for the treatment of thrombosed fistulae. A decision to support either approach as preferred

should be based on local resources and success rate. No recommendations possible based on Level I or II evidence. (Suggestions are based on Level III and IV evidence) Patients with symptoms of steal should be investigated for inflow stenosis. There are a number of surgical procedures that can be used in the treatment of steal – Distal revascularization interval ligation (DRIL) procedure is probably the most widely used and durable, with preservation of the access. Kevan Polkinghorne, George Chin, Robert MacGinley, Andrew Owen, Christine Russell, Girish Talaulikar, Edwina Vale and Pamela Lopez-Vargas have no relevant financial affiliations that would cause a conflict of interest according to the conflict of interest statement set down by KHA-CARI. For a full-text version of the guideline, readers need to go to the Dialysis Guidelines section on the KHA-CARI web site (http://www.cari.org.au).