Comparing Fig. 3a and b shows that, at 1000–1200 ms, speakers were less likely to fixate agents in “easy” events than in “hard” events (a main effect of Event codability; Table 3c): in addition, Selleckchem Raf inhibitor speakers were less likely to fixate “easy” agents in “easy” events but still fixated “easy” agents in “hard” events (producing a weak interaction of Event and Agent codability; Table 3c). There were no interactions with Time bin, indicating that the decline in agent-directed fixations after 1000 ms was comparable across event categories. However,

since the peak in fixations to the agent occurred earlier in “easy” events than “hard” events, the shift of gaze to the patient also occurred earlier in “easy” events than “hard” events. On the hypothesis that high Event codability favors faster encoding of relational information in the event (hierarchical incrementality), this result suggests that speakers began adding information about the second character to the developing sentence earlier when the relationship between characters was easier to encode than when it was harder to encode. Fig. 4a and b shows the timecourse of GDC-0941 cost formulation for sentences with “easier” and “harder” agents across

the three Prime conditions. In each analysis, fixations across conditions were compared with two contrasts. Fixations between 0 and 400 ms. Again, speakers directed more fixations to “easier” agents than “harder” agents within 200 ms of picture onset (a main effect of Agent codability; Table 4a) and then briefly looked back to the patient by 400 ms. An interaction with Time bin was observed only in Amoxicillin the by-item analysis, showing that fixations to “easier” agents rose somewhat more steeply over time in this time window than fixations to “harder” agents. Supporting linear incrementality, there were also more fixations to the agent after agent and patient primes (“other” primes) than after neutral primes (the first contrast for Prime condition in the by-participant analysis) and more fixations to the agent after agent primes than patient primes (the second contrast for Prime condition

in the by-participant analysis). The by-item analysis additionally showed that fixations to agents increased more rapidly after “other” primes than after neutral primes and more rapidly after patient primes than agent primes (the first and second contrast respectively in the interaction of Prime condition with Time bin). There was no interaction between Prime condition and Agent codability. Fixations between 400 and 1000 ms. After fixating “easier” agents preferentially before 400 ms, speakers began looking away from “easier” agents. At 400–600 ms, there were thus fewer fixations to “easy” agents than “hard” agents (resulting in a main effect of Agent codability; Table 4b), and this difference persisted over the entire 400–1000 ms time window (an interaction with Time bin was observed only in the by-item analysis). An effect of Prime condition was present in this time window as well.