However, in many cases the experimental period of the physical exercise is longer than 12 weeks [40–43], whereas in our study the period was only 6 weeks. On the other hand, many models with induced colon cancer use a 20 at 40 mg/kg of DMH [30, 44, 45], while in the present work 50 mg/kg of DMH was used. This could Cilomilast ic50 have masked the potential beneficial effect of physical exercise. The mechanisms underlying the exercise-induced protection against pre-neoplastic lesions are still not clear. It has been suggested that calorie restriction-induced weight loss and an exercise-induced negative energy balance inhibit the initiation or proliferation of ACF on the colon mucosa [46]. However, the present

study the body weight gain was not significantly reduced by training of any intensity and all animals received a controlled feed and none showed signs of obesity. The results reported in this article show that consumption of the fermented soy product described here and the practice

of physical exercise (intense or moderate) were incapable, separately or combined, of inhibiting the formation of ACF in DMH-induced rats. In fact, intense physical exercise led to an increased number of foci in the Pexidartinib price colons of these rats and, probably, to greater susceptibility to colorectal cancer. Further research is needed, however, to have a better understanding of the complex interaction between the type of exercise and the phases (initiation, promotion and progression) of colon cancer. Acknowledgements This work

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