Selective executive dysfunction in euthymia is inherent to bipolar disorder. Euthymic bipolar patients of various ethnic groups may exhibit similar executive dysfunction. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: We established the most common stone composition, and serum and urinary biochemical features in patients with gout

and urolithiasis.

Materials and Methods: We retrospectively searched for the records of patients diagnosed with gout among all those in our stone registry. A matched case cohort of stone formers was generated from our registry who had the same age, gender and body mass index. Primary end points were baseline 24-hour urinary metabolic panels and Crenolanib stone composition. Medications were considered. Groups were compared using the Student t and chi-square/Fisher exact tests with significance considered at p <0.05.

Results: For stone panel evaluation 181 patients met our inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference in 24-hour uric acid between the nongout and gout cohorts but hyperoxaluria was more common in patients with gout (74% vs 61%, p = 0.009). For stone composition analysis 393 patients were included. The gout cohort had lower calcium oxalate monohydrate (39.4% vs 54.7%), calcium oxalate dihydrate (6.0% vs 11.2%) and calcium phosphate

(9.6% vs 14.1%) but higher uric acid (42.7% vs 18.2%, each p <0.001). Emricasan molecular weight Pure uric acid stones were more common in patients with gout (52.2% vs 22.3%, p <0.001), while calcium oxalate monohydrate (45.2% vs 68.6%, p <0.001), calcium oxalate dihydrate (0.6% vs 3.5%, p = 0.017) and calcium phosphate (1.6% vs 4.9%, p = 0.033) were more common in nongout cases. Patients with gout who were on allopurinol had fewer pure uric acid stones (30.4% vs 56.4%) and more calcium oxalate monohydrate stones (69.6% vs 40.7%, each p < 0.001) than those without medication.

Conclusions: Uric acid stones are the most

common pure stone composition in patients with gout but 48% have nonuric acid stones. Allopurinol changes the stone composition distribution in patients with gout to a pattern OSI-027 purchase similar to that in stone formers without gout.”
“Polymorphisms (rs 4753426 and rs 794837) and expression of the melatonin MT2 receptor gene were evaluated in 181 patients with recurrent depressive disorder (rDD) and 149 healthy subjects of Polish origin. We found an increased risk for rDD in patients with the C allele and a decreased risk in patients with the T allele (rs4753426). Patients with the AT heterozygote (rs794837) had an increased mRNA level. The significance of the MT2 receptor gene and the risk of rDD are suggested. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: We investigated the association between kidney stones and coronary heart disease risk factors in Japanese men.