The three recently discovered proteins found to-be associated with urocortins cardio-protective mechanism of action look like localized to the cardiomyocyte mitochondria, depending on a mix of pharmacology, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry. By utilising the mitochondrial selective dyes to measure damage to the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, it was discovered that urocortin certainly protects cardiomyocyte mitochondria from damage produced by I/R. This protective influence from I/R injury was also noticed in the presence of the KATP channel opener Letrozole solubility cromakalim and the iPLA2 chemical BEL, suggesting that both KATP channel opening and inhibition of LPC formation are very important for the protection of cardiac myocyte mitochondria throughout I/R injury. When the mitochondrial KATP channel is blocked using 5 HD, exogenous LPC put on major cardiomyocytes, or PKC activation blocked by selective inhibitor peptides, mitochondrial injury is enhanced, in contrast to I/R alone, and crucially, the protective effect of Ucn under these circumstances is lost. Interestingly, the KATP channel opener cromakalim also shields cardiomyocyte mitochondria from LPC caused injury, suggesting a possible relationship between mitochondrial KATP channels and the iPLA2 metabolite LPC. This metabolite interacts with ion channels and might even be an antagonist Papillary thyroid cancer of potassium channels, as some studies suggest. Therefore, some protection provided by cromakalim could be due to medicinal competition for the same binding site as LPC. Nevertheless, when 5 HD exists with LPC, mitochondrial injury is enhanced, compared to cardiomyocytes treated with either agent alone. Ergo, three end effector compounds modulated by Ucn are local to cardiomyocyte mitochondria and are involved in I/R damage and cardioprotection. Moreover, there is accumulating evidence why these three molecules may interact. As an example, there’s now evidence that LPC can regulate both KATP channels and PKC and that angiogenesis drugs PKC can connect to KATP channels and iPLA2. Notably, PKC has demonstrated an ability to communicate with mitochondrial proteins and translocate to mitochondrial membranes, like the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Even though further studies are essential to determine fully the mechanism of cardioprotection made by urocortin, especially with regards to the other kinases which are very important to its impact, specifically P42/p44 MAP kinases and PI3 kinase also, it is obvious that protection against I/R injury involves both early results on specific kinases and more long lasting gene improvements and that protection at the subcellular level may occur at the level of the cardiomyocyte mitochondria. Much less work is done to the newer homologues of urocortin, SRP, and SCP, with regards to their cardio-protective mechanism of action.