This program included learning seminars, psychometric assessments, leadership goals, intersession activities, coaching/mentoring, and leadership projects.
Practice innovation: Not applicable.
Main outcome measures: PLI collected survey data in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the institute’s leadership development program. In addition, an external MI-503 evaluator was hired to conduct interviews with the pharmacy directors of the organization
which chose to pilot the program.
Results: The evaluations from the participants indicate that the leadership development program met many but not all of its initial objectives. Consistent with action research methodology, the faculty of the institute met to redesign some sections of the program in order to meet the established goals. Adjustments were made to different components of the program over the next 4 years. Evaluation data show that these revisions were successful. In addition, follow-up evaluations with participants showed a lasting impact of the program on both individual leadership skills and organizational outcomes.
Conclusion: Given the positive BLZ945 in vitro outcomes indicated
by the evaluation data used in this study, the work of PLI indicates that broader leadership skills can be identified and enhanced within a group of pharmacy managers.”
“Objective: Determination of the number and type of allergens needed to be tested in epidemiological studies is important in order to identify most of the sensitized subjects with a cost-effective approach. This study aimed to investigate the minimum skin prick test panel for the identification of at least 95% of the sensitized subjects with symptoms of
asthma and/ or allergic rhinitis (AR) in Ankara, Turkey. Methods: Skin prick buy TPCA-1 test results of 7492 patients who were referred to our outpatient clinic with clinical symptoms of asthma and/ or AR between 1991 and 2005 were evaluated retrospectively. Seven allergens were tested in all and 13 allergens in 4202 patients. The allergen group needed for detection of 95% of the sensitized subjects was determined for both the 7 and 13 allergen panels. The study protocol was approved by the local ethics committee of Hacettepe University. Results: The atopy prevalences in the whole study population and in 4202 patients tested with the 13 allergen panel were calculated as 32.2% and 42.6%, respectively. Three allergens (Phleum pratense, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Artemisia vulgaris) within the 7 allergen panel were adequate for the identification of at least 95% of the sensitized subjects. Olea europae was added to the previous three allergens when the 13 allergen panel was applied. Conclusion: Three to four allergens are sufficient for identification at least 95% of sensitized subjects with asthma and/ or AR in Ankara, Turkey.”
“Purpose of review
Manganese (Mn) is an essential element, but can be neurotoxic when exceeding the homeostatic range.