Building on these new data, we propose a novel model for the interactions of this steroid and neurotrophin, whereby rapid, non-genomic 17 beta-estradiol and acute BDNF signal in a co-operative manner, resulting in dendritic spine formation and subsequent stabilization in support of synapse and circuit plasticity. This extended hypothesis suggests an additional mechanism by which these two signals may modulate dendritic spines in a time-specific manner.
This article
is part of a Special Issue entitled: Steroid hormone actions in the CNS: the role of BDNF. (c) 2012 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Hydrophobins are small secreted proteins produced by filamentous fungi. Being amphipathic and self-assembling,
hydrophobins have drawn great attention since their discovery. The increase of production can reduce the cost selleck chemical and open up several new applications of hydrophobins. We successfully expressed recombinant Class I hydrophobin HGFI (rHGFI) by using pPIC9 vector with an alcohol oxidase 1 promoter in Pichia pastoris. Tricine-SDS-PAGE and Western blotting demonstrated that rHGFI, an 8 kDa protein, was secreted into the culture medium. The culture conditions of the transformant strain were optimized by controlling the methanol concentration and induction time. Ultrafiltration and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography were used to perform a large-scale purification of rHGH. A stable production of rHGFI around 86 mg/L was achieved after the https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pf-477736.html two-step purification. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and water contact angle measurements indicated that the functional rHGFI could self-assemble on hydrophobic siliconized glass and Teflon as well as on hydrophilic mica surfaces. A methylthiazol tetrazolium assay showed that rHGFI film could facilitate human aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation due to its cytocompatibility. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Several lines of evidence have converged to indicate that memory formation involves plasticity of dendritic spines in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus. Memory varies with estrogen levels
throughout the lifespan of the female. Generally, increased levels of estrogen are related to greater dendritic spine density on pyramidal cells in the PFC and the hippocampus and to improved memory function. Brain-derived neurotrophic Epigenetics inhibitor factor (BDNF) is a growth factor which increases dendritic spines and enhances memory function. Estrogens increase BDNF levels in the PFC and the hippocampus. In the present review we provide evidence that estradiol and BDNF may work in concert to enhance cognition. In adult females, fluctuations in recognition memory following ovariectomy and estradiol replacement, during the estrous cycle, in pregnancy and with aging are accompanied by similar changes in circulating estradiol, BDNF levels and spine density alterations in the PFC and the hippocampus.