Methods Monitoring procedures This study was conducted selleck catalog with hospitality venues including restaurants and bars in a total of nine Kentucky communities. Indoor air quality was measured in seven communities before and after comprehensive smoke-free air laws and in two counties after partial smoke-free air laws. Venues in one community were measured three times; prelaw, after the initial partial law, and after the law was strengthened to cover all workplaces and public places with few exemptions. Purposive sampling was used to identify the venues that allowed smoking. A total of 62 venues were measured in seven communities with comprehensive smoke-free air laws. Twenty one venues were measured in two counties after partial smoke-free air laws were implemented. Indoor PM2.

5 levels of public venues were measured 156 times in 83 venues in nine communities. The monitor (Sidepak, TSI) was concealed in either a backpack or a purse and set so that automatic 1-min samples were collected continuously before entering the venue and during the visit (mean = 43 min). When inside the venue, a central location was selected, as far away as possible from direct puffs of cigarettes or cigars. In large locations, data collection was maintained while walking up and down the establishment, while keeping the monitor about 2�C4 ft from the floor. The measurement was corrected by a conversion factor of 0.295 obtained from calibration against gravimetric measurement (Lee et al., 2008).

In addition to air quality measurements, room size, number of persons present, number of burning cigarettes and cigars, description of the venue, temperature, relative humidity, air Anacetrapib pressure at entryways, and maximum occupancy were collected. Each venue was measured using a digital ruler for smaller venues (2�C50 ft range) or an infrared laser for larger ones (10�C700 yd). Total persons in the venue and total number of cigarettes/cigars smoked in each venue were counted at the beginning and at regular interval until the end of the sampling period. The monitor provided 1-min average PM2.5 levels. Arithmetic mean indoor concentration was calculated for each location. Concentrations of PM2.5 before and after the smoke-free air law were assessed by Student’s t test. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) for dependent groups with trend analysis was also performed to identify the determinants of indoor particles and the association between smoking density and indoor particle concentrations. Log-transformed PM2.5 values were used in the ANOVA test. Smoking density was classified into three groups, with no smoking, 0�C0.5, 0.5�C1, and >1 cigarette smoked/100 m3 of room volume. Results Indoor air quality in communities with comprehensive smoke-free air laws Average indoor PM2.