Results from paired comparison testing did not provide sufficient

evidence to conclude a significant difference existed between either the serum sample and the sample containing 10 g/100 g pulp (P > 0.05), or between the serum samples and the sample containing 20 g/100 g pulp when orange aroma and flavour (P = 0.05) was evaluated. Pulp clearly increased the delivery of limonene both in an in-vivo and an in-vitro situation when analysed instrumentally, but this increase was not reflected by an increase in orange aroma or orange flavour on consumption when assessed by panellists. This may be due to the fact that limonene is LGK-974 cost one of many key aroma compounds present within an orange juice but is not necessarily the most important or overriding

compound when evaluating flavour quality ( Jia, Zhang, & Min, 1998). Moreover Radford et al. (1974) found that low concentrations of aroma compounds in the serum played a significant role in the flavour of orange juice, this may further explain why panellists did not identify significant differences between the samples when asked to differentiate by paired comparison analysis. Y-27632 order The main limitation of this study is that it addressed only one aroma compound of the larger number which are present within the real food system, orange juice. Future research in this area using a series of known aroma compounds in a model system would significantly add value in this area. In conclusion, we systematically evaluated the impact of pulp addition on the delivery of orange juice limonene to the headspace during headspace equilibrium, during disturbed headspace conditions and further Farnesyltransferase investigated the impact on delivery of limonene in the exhaled breath (In-nose) by APCI-MS. Pulp addition significantly increased the equilibrium headspace concentration and increased the persistence of limonene to headspace disturbance, which is proposed to be due to the addition of the lipid

fraction of the pulp. Addition of pulp enhanced limonene delivery to the nasal exhaled air, but further additions of pulp to serum above 10 g/100 g pulp did not result in further increases in APCI In-nose delivery. This finding addresses the commercial impact of pulp addition and identifies the need for further research in this area to detail the impact of other aroma compounds, surface tension, cloud emulsions and other matrix effects on the release kinetics of aroma from orange juice. This work was supported by funding from the Consejería de Innovación Ciencia y Empresa, Junta de Andalucía by the project P08- AGR-03784. RFV holds a grant from the Consejería de Innovación Ciencia y Empresa, Junta de Andalucía. “
“Blueberries (Vaccinium spp) are originally from Europe and North America and were only recently introduced in Brazil. This fruit has great nutritional value, primarily because it has high anthocyanin content.