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“The aim of this study is to determine the protective effects of vitamin D-3 and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), a blood-brain barrier transportable form of vitamin C, against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury on a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion model of brain since reactive oxygen species play an important role in the pathophysiology of I/R injury in brain. In order to examine antioxidant

status and lipid peroxidation, we assayed malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a marker of lipid peroxidation, and reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities as free radical scavenging enzymes in cortex and corpus striatum (CS). Wistar albino rats were selleck screening library Torin 1 in vivo divided into five equal groups of each consisting of seven rats: control, I/R, I/R + DHA, I/R + vitamin D-3, and I/R + vitamin D-3 + dehydroascorbic acid groups. MDA levels were found to be increased in the I/R group, I/R + DHA, and I/R + vitamin D-3 groups

compared with the control group in both cortex and corpus striatum. However, MDA level were found to be significantly decreased in only I/R + vitamin D-3 + DHA group compared with the I/R group in cortex (P < 0.0001). MDA levels were not significantly different in I/R + DHA, and I/R + vitamin D-3 groups compared with the I/R group. GSH and SOD enzyme activities were significantly decreased in I/R, I/R + DHA, and I/R + vitamin D-3 groups compared with the control group in both cortex and corpus striatum (CS) (P < 0.0001). Whereas, both GSH and SOD activity were increased in I/R + vitamin D-3 + DHA group compared with the I/R group in both cortex

and CS (P < 0.001 in cortex, P < 0.001 in CS for SOD P < 0.002 in cortex P < 0.03 in CS for GSH). Our results demonstrate that the combination of vitamin D-3 and ABT-263 nmr DHA treatment prevent free radical production and dietary supplementation of vitamin D-3 and DHA which may be useful in the ischemic cerebral vascular diseases.”
“Two methodologies were compared to encapsulate nisin in liposomes of partially purified soybean phosphatidylcholine: reversed-phase and hydration film. In the hydration film method, both probe-type and bath-type ultrasound were evaluated. The size of liposomes was evaluated by light scattering analysis and residual antimicrobial activities by agar diffusion assay using Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 as indicator strain. The size of liposomes prepared by reversed-phase, hydration film using probe-type and bath-type ultrasound were 190, 181 and 148 nm with residual antimicrobial activities after encapsulation of 25%, 50% and 100%, respectively.