The purpose of the current study was to compare the immediate and short-term efficacy of posterolateral hip strengthening versus quadriceps strengthening in reducing pain and improving health status in persons with PFP. Based on existing biomechanical

and clinical studies, we hypothesized that patients assigned to the hip strengthening group would exhibit greater improvements in pain and health status than patients assigned to the quadriceps exercise group. Information obtained from this study will assist clinicians in better prescribing rehabilitation exercises for this population. Screening for specific inclusion and exclusion criteria was performed by 2 physicians. Only subjects with a diagnosis of unilateral or bilateral PFP were included. The diagnosis of PFP was based on Enzalutamide manufacturer symptom location (peripatellar and/or retropatellar) and reproduction of pain with activities commonly associated with this condition (eg, stair decent, squatting, kneeling, prolonged sitting). Patients were screened by physical examination to rule out ligamentous laxity, meniscal injury, pes anserine bursitis, iliotibial

band syndrome, and patella tendinitis. Dactolisib concentration Patients who reported a history of patella dislocation, patella fracture, knee surgery, previous physical therapy, or symptoms that had been present for <6 months were excluded from participation. Thirty-six patients (18 men, 18 women) met the study inclusion criteria. The men and women were sequentially assigned in an alternating fashion to not the posterolateral hip exercise group (n=18; 10 with bilateral pain, 8 with unilateral symptoms) and the quadriceps exercise group (n=18; 12 with bilateral pain, 6 with unilateral symptoms) (fig 1). Demographic data for the 2 groups at baseline are included in table 1.

In general, patients were not physically active and did not participate in recreational sport activities or exercise beyond that of activities of daily living. Prior to participation, all patients were informed of the purpose of the study and provided written informed consent. Study participants completed exercises supervised by a physical therapist 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Exercises were performed bilaterally in patients with bilateral pain and on the symptomatic side in patients with unilateral pain. Each session consisted of 5 minutes of warm-up (walking around the gym at a self-selected pace), 20 minutes of directed exercise, and 5 minutes of cool-down (walking around the gym at a self-selected pace). Patients participating in the study were asked to refrain from exercises beyond that of their assigned exercise sessions throughout the duration of the study. Patients were allowed to take over-the-counter pain and/or anti-inflammatory medication as needed; however, subjects were asking to refrain from taking medications for 24 hours before sessions in which outcome measurements were obtained. Patients assigned to both groups performed standardized protocols.