Parents were more likely to seek a second opinion when they were not optimistic about their child’s life expectancy, felt pressured by the PC to terminate the pregnancy, were told that their child’s death was “”somewhat”" or “”very”" likely, or were told the child’s CHD was “”rare”" (all p < 0.01). Two thirds (66 %) of the respondents were told that their child’s condition was “”rare.”" The majority of these (77 %) reported that the term was used by the PC. “”Rare”" was interpreted as “”occurring STI571 price in less than a million births”" by 25 %, and as “”few or no other people alive

with this defect”" by 27 %. Parental interpretation of “”rare”" was unrelated to their levels of education. As reported by the respondents, 13 % felt pressured to terminate the pregnancy by the PC. Those with hypoplastic left heart

syndrome were more likely to report feeling pressure to terminate the pregnancy by the PC (21 vs 9 %; p < 0.001) or the perinatologist (23 vs 14 %; p = 0.026). The approach to counseling and the demeanor of the PC have important implications click here for parents’ perceptions of their child’s chance of survival. The information given at diagnosis, the manner in which it is presented, and the parents’ understanding and interpretation of that information are critical factors in shaping parents’ perceptions and management decisions.”
“Glioblastoma is one of the most malignant brain tumors. Current treatments for glioblastoma usually make poor responses, and novel treatment strategies are extremely imperative. Cytochalasin E was reported to inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth in some studies, but its effects on gliomas are still unknown. In this study, we found cytochalasin E inhibits U87 human glioblastoma cell growth in a very low concentration range of 10(-8) to 10(-6) M in a time and concentration dependent manner, and the IC50 were 1.17 +/- 032 x 10(-7) M for 48 h treatment, 6.65 +/- 1.12 x 10(-8) M for 72 h and 3.78 +/- 130 x 10(-8) M for 96 GSI-IX nmr h.

We also found cytochalasin E induces cell-cycle G2/M phase arrest (72 h-treatment of 10(-6) M cytochalasin E caused 56.2 +/- 6.1% cells arrest in G2/M phase) and cell apoptosis (96 h-treatment of 10(-6) M cytochalasin E induced 24.1 +/- 4.2% cells apoptosis). Thus, cytochalasin E is proposed as a potential agent for glioblastoma chemotherapy.”
“Turner syndrome (TS), a genetic abnormality affecting 1 in 2,500 people, is commonly associated with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, the surgical outcomes for TS patients have not been well described. This study reviewed the spectrum of CHD in TS at the authors’ center. The authors report outcomes after coarctation of the aorta (CoA) repair or staged palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and then compare the surgical outcomes with those of non-TS patients undergoing like repair.

catarrhalis), blood culture, a nasopharyngeal AZD7762 chemical structure aspirate for viral antigen testing, and a chest radiograph on admission and 1 month postdischarge. The study was funded by Lanzhou University. The study was performed in compliance with the guidelines of the institutional review board of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University.

Results: CAP was the admitting diagnosis for 29% of all admissions during the 12-month study. Of the 884 CAP cases, 821 (93%) were enrolled and completed the study. The age range was 2 months to 14 years; mean age was 2.3 years; 40% were <1 year. The average length of stay was 9.2 days (range,

6-20) but varied by age and etiology. Fourteen percent had received antibiotics before admission and 14% had underlying illnesses; 12% required intensive care unit treatment and 5 died. A microbial etiology for CAP was identified in 547 (67%); viral 535 (43%), bacterial 228 (27%), mixed viral bacterial 107 (13%),

mixed viral in 1%, and mixed bacterial in 1%. The etiology varied by age; respiratory syncytial virus was most common in <1 year, S. pneumoniae and Hib 1-3 years, and Mycoplasma Selleckchem Vactosertib >5 years. Three potentially vaccine preventable etiologies accounted for 35% of the cases: influenza 9%, Hib 12%, and S. pneumonia 14%.

Conclusions: CAP is a major cause of childhood admission in China. Given the etiologic findings in this study, potentially 25% to 35% of cases could be prevented if seasonal influenza vaccine and conjugated H. influenza b and conjugated pneumococcal vaccines were introduced into routine practice.”
“The compositional dependence of the crystal structure and lattice thermal conductivity in the Cu3SbSe4-Cu3SbS4 system has been studied. The lattice parameters

of the Cu3SbSe4-xSx compounds decrease linearly with x, and the tetragonal structure (space group 1 (4) over bar 2m no. 121) of the end compounds is maintained at all compositions. The lattice thermal conductivity is much lower than that predicted by a simple rule of mixtures, which is typical for a solid solution. The Debye model produces a very reasonable fit to the experimental lattice thermal conductivity check details data when phonon scattering due to atomic mass and size differences between Se and S is taken into account. Compounds in this series are likely to improve upon the thermoelectric performance of Cu3SbSe4, which has shown ZT = 0.72 when optimized. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3610385]“
“BACKGROUND: Bone marrow derived progenitor cells may play a key role in both lung repair and in fibrogenesis. The contribution of CD45(+)collagen-1(+) fibrocytes to fibrosis has been documented elsewhere and recently identified epithelial-like progenitor cells marked by Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP+) may be protective after lung injury. Interplay between these populations has not yet been studied in bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) post-lung transplant.

57 of these were prior to installation of OCI and 65 after installation. Median DAP was significantly lower after installation of OCI (4.9 mGy m(2); range 1.25-13.3) than it had been before installation (6.9 mGy m(2); range 1.91-95.0) (p = 0.005). Median screening times before and after installation of

OCI were 20.0 min and 16.2 min respectively this website (p = 0.027) and median contrast volumes before and after the change to OCI were 100 ml and 90 ml respectively (p = 0.21).

Conclusion: Introduction of operator-controlled imaging can significantly reduce radiation exposure during EVAR, with particular reduction in the number of ‘higher-dose’ cases. (C) 2012 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose of review

Bone regeneration and fracture repair are the complex processes of mesenchymal stem cell invasion, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and angiogenesis. The coordinated actions of these principal

processes result in the reconstruction of a normal bone and restoration of a structural unit. However, these normal bone regenerative mechanisms breakdown during fracture repair failure and postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Recent findings

Recent discoveries of circulating multipotent stem cells with mixed characteristics of endothelial cell and osteogenic capacity have raised interest in new and potentially breakthrough therapies for fracture and pathologic FDA-approved Drug Library cost bone loss. The cooperative actions of other mesenchymal stem cell lineage such as adipocytes and processes such as angiogenesis in bone repair could also serve as novel therapeutic targets. Recent data suggest that anabolic parathyroid hormone therapy, already approved for the treatment of osteoporosis,

may recruit osteoprogenitor cells and also have a role in fracture repair.

Summary

The present review will highlight recent information on stem cells and bone repair and examine potential avenues for future research.”
“Objectives: The aim of this study is to present novel ex-vivo models in the study of complex haemodynamical changes in Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD).

Materials and methods: Fifteen fresh porcine aortas were harvested and preserved Belnacasan manufacturer with 4 C saline. Ex-vivo models were developed to simulate TBAD in three different situations: model A with patent false lumen, model B with distal re-entry only and model C with proximal primary entry only. These models were connected to standardised pulsatile pumps and the pressure waveforms were monitored and compared. The aortas were scanned with ultrasonography and subjected to post-experiment autopsy.

Results: The three different models were successfully created (n = 13). Pulsatile flow testing was successful and the shapes of the pressure waveforms were similar to those taken from human aorta. Post-testing gross examination confirmed the success of modelling.

Conclusion: Porcine aortas may prove to be useful ex-vivo models in the study of aortic dissection haemodynamics.

Future prospective studies with large patient enrollment will be needed to further validate the finding of this meta-analysis”
“Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a human disease characterized by progressive and irreversible skeletal muscle degeneration caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, which codifies the protein dystrophin (Francke et al., 1985; Kunkel et al., 1985; Ray et al., 1985; Hoffman et al., 1987), instead of “” mutations VX-770 order in genes coding for important muscle proteins”";

-

Dogs had their disease status confirmed by genotyping, which means polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), as described by Sharp et al. (1992) and Honeyman et al. (1999);

- DMD patients DO NOT show significant inter-and intrafamiliar clinical variability comparable to the GRMD dog model. In DMD, the progression of the disease is always severe and predictable, and differently from the GRMD dogs there is no neonatal death in humans. In opposition, in Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), allelic to DMD, we and others Selleck ALK inhibitor observe a wide variability (intra-and inter-familial) in the severity of the

phenotype (Vainzof et al., 1993).”
“Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have an excess risk of certain gastrointestinal cancers. Much work has focused on colon cancer in IBD patients, but comparatively less is known about other more rare cancers. The European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization established a pathogenesis workshop to review what is known about these cancers and formulate proposals for future studies to address the most important knowledge gaps. This article reviews the current state of knowledge about small bowel adenocarcinoma, ileo-anal pouch and rectal cuff cancer, and anal/perianal fistula

cancers in IBD patients. (C) 2013 European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Study Design. A 2-group experimental design.

Objective. To investigate differences in postural control strategies of pelvis and trunk movement between nonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients and healthy control subjects using 3-dimensional motion analysis.

Summary of Background Data. Increased postural sway assessed by center Sotrastaurin of pressure displacements have been documented in patients with low back pain (LBP). The 3-dimensional movement strategies used by patients with LBP to keep their balance are not well documented.

Methods. Nineteen CLBP patients and 20 control subjects were included based on detailed clinical criteria. Every subject was submitted to a postural control test in an unstable sitting position. A 3-dimensional motion analysis system, equipped with 7 infrared M1 cameras, was used to track 9 markers attached to the pelvis and trunk to estimate their angular displacement in the 3 cardinal planes.

Results.

Conclusion: By late-2007, substantial progress had been made to implement the malaria case-management policy in a setting with weak infrastructure. However, policy ambiguities, under-use of malaria testing, and distrust of negative test results led to many incorrect malaria diagnoses and treatments. In 2009, Angola published a policy that clarified many issues. As problems

identified in this survey are not unique to Angola, better GSK126 mw strategies for improving HW performance are urgently needed.”
“Background The optimal methadone dosing regimen for children undergoing spinal surgery is uncertain because of sparse pediatric pharmacokinetic data and a paucity of analgesic effect data. The minimum effective analgesic concentration of methadone in opioid naive adults is 58mcg center dot L-1. Methods Adolescents aged 1219years undergoing idiopathic scoliosis correction were administered 0.25mg center dot kg-1 racemic methadone IV prior to surgical incision. Arterial blood samples for methadone assay were obtained at 0min, 5min, 10min, 15min, 20min, 40min, 1h, 2h, 4h, 5h, 6h, 8h, 10h, 12h, 24h, and 48h. Compartment analysis PKC412 was undertaken using nonlinear

mixed effects models. Parameter estimates were standardized to a 70-kg person using allometric models. Results A three-compartment linear disposition model best described observed timeconcentration profiles. Population parameter estimates (between-subjects variability) were central volume (V1) 19.1 (126%) L 70kg-1, peripheral volumes of distribution V2 65.5 (60%) L 70kg-1, V3 485 (23%) L 70kg-1, clearance (CL) 9.3 (11%) L center dot h-1.70kg-1, and inter-compartment clearances Q2 282 (95%) L center dot h-1 70kg-1, Q3 139 (42%) L center dot h-1 70kg-1. The terminal elimination half-life was 44.4h. The mean observed methadone Selleck AR-13324 concentration was <58mcg center dot L-1 by the first hour after administration. Conclusions Current pharmacokinetic parameter estimates

in adolescents are similar to those reported in adults. Methadone undergoes rapid redistribution after bolus administration. This may result in plasma concentrations that provide inadequate analgesia postoperatively. We would suggest following the bolus (0.25 mg.kg-1) with an infusion (0.10.15mg center dot kg-1 center dot h-1 for 4 h) during spinal surgery to ensure adequate plasma concentrations for 24h.”
“Background: Health record-based observations from several parts of Africa indicate a major decline in malaria, but up-to-date information on parasite prevalence in West-Africa is sparse. This study aims to provide parasite prevalence data from three sites in the Gambia and Guinea Bissau, respectively, and compares the usefulness of PCR, rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), serology and slide-microscopy for surveillance.

The method is based on a new model developed to predict the impedance of a rectangular eddy current coil when placed in proximity to a ferromagnetic specimen; inputs to this model are geometry of the coil, frequency, permeability, and conductivity of the specimen. This

method was applied to a specimen of SAE1018 carbon steel. Experimental measurements of the specimen impedance, combined with the new theoretical model, enabled the reversible permeability to be determined in the presence of bias field levels ranging from 0 to 46 000 A/m and frequencies ranging from 350 kHz to 1.1 MHz. Frequency and bias field dependence of reversible permeability for this specimen is consistent

with a model of magnetic domain rotation and wall movement.”
“Objective-To compare the efficacy AZD1480 mouse and cardiorespiratory effects of dexmedetomidine-ketamine in combination with butorphanol, hydromorphone, or buprenorphine with or without reversal by atipamezole in cats undergoing castration.

Design-Prospective, randomized, split-plot, blinded study.

Animals-30 healthy male cats.

Procedures-Cats were assigned to receive dexmedetomidine (25 mu g/kg [11.4 mu g/lb]) and ketamine (3 mg/kg [11.4 mg/lb]) with butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg [0.09 mg/lb]; DKBut; n = 10), hydromorphone (0.05 mg/kg [0.023 mg/lb]; DKH; 10), or buprenorphine (30 mu g/kg [13.6 mu g/lb]; GF120918 in vitro DKBup; 10). Drugs were administered as a single IM injection. Supplemental isoflurane was administered to cats if the level of anesthesia was inadequate for surgery. At the conclusion of surgery, half the cats (5 cats in each treatment group) received atipamezole (250 mu g/kg 1113.6 mu g/lb, IM) and the remainder received saline

(0.9% NaCl) solution IM. All cats received meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg, SC) immediately prior to the conclusion of surgery.

Results-All drug combinations induced lateral recumbency, and intubation was achievable in 13 of 30 (43%) cats at 10 minutes after injection. Supplemental isoflurane was needed for the surgery in 1 of 10 of the DKBut-, 2 of 10 of the DKH-, and 7 of 10 of the DKBup-treated selleck inhibitor cats. Cats that received atipamezole had a significantly shorter recovery time.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance DKBut and DKH combinations were suitable injectable anesthetic protocols for castration in cats commencing at 10 minutes after injection, but cats receiving DKBup may require additional time or anesthetics for adequate anesthesia. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011;239:1453-1462)”
“Several studies have suggested that genetic factors may affect the susceptibility of a population to tuberculosis, and it has been found that P2X7 is linked to an increased risk for tuberculosis in some West African, Southeast Asian, North American, and North European populations.

Recent findings

Recent findings have revealed that the inhibition of dendritic cell maturation by pharmacological intervention is not a prerequisite for the acquisition of tolerogenicity, but that susceptibility

to a tolerogenic phenotype may vary between dendritic cell subsets and depend on the nature of maturation stimuli to which the cells are exposed. Furthermore, such studies have highlighted the degree to which the maintenance of tolerogenicity is influenced by local environmental factors, such as the cytokine milieu.

Summary

Although the rational design of tolerogenic dendritic cells for modulating the outcome of organ transplantation remains ambitious, the use of pharmacological agents to influence their functional phenotype continues to illuminate the basic biology of this critical cell type.”
“The Truview EVO2 laryngoscope is a recently introduced device with a unique blade that provides a wide and magnified laryngeal view at 46 degrees ISRIB anterior refracted angle. An infant blade of the laryngoscope has recently become available.

The aim of the study was to compare the Truview infant EVO2 laryngoscope with the Miller straight blade laryngoscope in order to determine whether the Truview EVO2 laryngoscope provided an improved laryngeal view at laryngoscopy and also to assess the time taken for intubation with the two devices.

In

this prospective randomized study, 60 neonates and infants of either sex undergoing surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled and divided into two groups: endotracheal intubation using a Truview infant www.selleckchem.com/products/srt2104-gsk2245840.html blade (Group I) or with a Miller blade number 0 (Group II). The view of the selleck products glottis at laryngoscopy, time to intubation and the number of attempts required for intubation were recorded.

The average time for laryngoscopy in Group I was 18.18 s and in Group II was 16.30 s, which though not significant clinically, is statistically significant (P = 0.002). While eight patients (26.6%) had Cormack and Lehane grade 2 view on laryngoscopy in Group II, only two patients (6.6%) had such a view in Group 1 (P = 0.039). The number of attempts

at laryngoscopy was comparable in the two groups.

In this study, we found that in neonates and infants, the tracheal intubation using Truview infant EVO2 blade took almost as much time as miller blade and provided improved laryngoscopic view as compared to the Miller blade.”
“The twin birth rate has been steadily increasing in the United States over the past 10 years attributable in large part to the increased use of reproductive technologies. Despite advancements in the prevention of preterm labor for singletons, the overall rate of preterm birth has decreased only minimally. Several interventions to prevent preterm birth in twins have been studied, but none has proven effective. Inpatient bedrest has not been shown to be effective and can cause significant maternal morbidity.

Overall improvement of symptoms, expressed by the area under the curve of the baseline-adjusted

symptom sum score, yielded a mean value of 10.95 (standard deviation 27.4) for the morning survey of the groups receiving eardrops containing only glycerol; in comparison, for eardrops containing glycerol and 2% lidocaine it was 15.71 (+/- 23.6) and for glycerol with 0.5% lidocaine, 23.16 (+/- 19.4).

No severe adverse events occurred. Five adverse events were documented during the clinical investigation, none of which was considered by the investigators to be related to the study medication.

Local therapy with glycerol lidocaine eardrops is a safe, and cost-effective ACY-241 cost treatment for the widely spread clinical picture of acute abacterial otitis externa. The advantage regarding efficacy of this combination compared with glycerol eardrops must be demonstrated in an adequately powered clinical trial.”
“Objective: To determine whether introducing a pre-prepared

birth plan upon labor admission has an impact on obstetrical outcome. Methods: A retrospective study of all women who prepared an ante-partum birth plan, from 2007-2010. Outcome was compared with a control group consisting of women without a birth plan matched by age, parity and gestational week in a 3: 1 ratio. Results: 154 women were compared to a matched control group of 462 Poziotinib molecular weight women. Women preparing a birth plan, were less likely to undergo an intra partum cesarean section (11.7% vs. 20.3%, p = 0.016). First and second degree perineal tears occurred more frequently in women preparing a birth plan (72.1% vs. 25.5%, p < 0.001). The utilization of birth plan was also associated with a higher rate of epidural administration (81.2% vs. 68.8%, p = 0.004) and a lower rate of intravenous analgesics use (1.3% vs. 10.2%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Women presenting with a birth plan, compared to an age-, parity-and gestational week-matched control selleck chemical group are less likely to undergo a cesarean section, more likely to have first and second degree perineal tears and more likely to use an epidural.

The paucity of data and the mis-concepts of medical staff suggest that larger prospective studies are needed.”
“The aim of this study was to compare two methods which were based on liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (LC-UV) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), respectively, to determine indapamide (CAS 26807-65-8) and to apply them to bioequivalence studies. The universal parameters, including selectivity, linearity, precision, and quantification limit, served as gold standard for the comparison of the two methods. As a result, the two methods were both very consistent and reliable. Furthermore, the LC-MS/MS method required only one-fifth the blood volume needed by the other method and was approximately 25 times more sensitive than the other method. The total run time of the LC-MS/MS method was 3.

A complete crying episode was analyzed for each infant and acoustically measured for the number and duration of inspiratory and expiratory cry components. These components were then used to estimate the respiratory rate of infant crying, as well as the inspiratory and expiratory phase composition of the cry respiratory cycles.

Results: Acoustic analysis revealed that the average rate of crying was 57 breaths min(-1) with the inspiratory

phase contributing 27% to the overall respiratory check details cycle. However, considerable variability was found across infants with distinct patterns of respiration associated with high versus low respiratory rates.

Conclusions: The respiratory patterns associated with pain cries is highly variable and may be associated with variations in stress-arousal, strength of emotional expression, and overall fitness. This study supports the notion that the respiratory activity surrounding newborn infant crying is unique to the type of cry sampled. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is a bone substitute biomaterial used as an excellent grafting material. Some factors such as carrier type might affect the healing potential of this material. The background data discuss the present status of the field: Albumin as a main protein in blood and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were applied frequently in the DBM gels. We investigated the bone-repairing properties of 2 DBMs with different

carriers. Bone regeneration in 3 groups of rat calvaria selleck treated with DBM from the Iranian Tissue Bank Research and Preparation Center, DBM from Hans Biomed Corporation, and an empty cavity selleck screening library was studied. Albumin and CMC as carriers were used. The results of bone regeneration

in the samples after 1, 4, and 8 weeks of implantation were compared. The block of the histologic samples was stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and the percentage area of bone formation was calculated using the histomorphometry method. The results of in vivo tests showed a significantly stronger new regenerated bone occupation in the DBM with albumin carrier compared with the one with CMC 8 weeks after the implantation. The 2 types of DBM had a significant difference in bone regeneration. This difference is attributed to the type of carriers. Albumin could improve mineralization and bioactivity compared with CMC.”
“Celiac plexus block (CPB) can be used for treating intra-abdominal visceral pain syndromes. The celiac plexus is the largest plexus of the sympathetic nervous system. Several nerve blocks have a marked effect on autonomic nervous activity. Furthermore, stellate ganglion block changes cardiac autonomic nervous activity. Thus, CPB could influence the sympathetic activity of the cardiac plexus. The aim of the present study was to see whether CPB modulated heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Twelve patients received neurolytic CPB using 14 ml absolute alcohol.

The concept described here is developed in the context of psoriasis, an

immune-mediated disease, but it can also offer mechanistic insights into other inflammatory pathologies as it explains how interactions between immune cell populations can lead to disease phenotypes.”
“A shear-mode piezoelectric accelerometer using YCa4O(BO3)(3) (YCOB) single crystal was designed, fabricated and successfully tested for high temperature vibration sensing applications. The prototyped sensor was tested at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 1000 degrees C and at frequencies ranging Sapanisertib mw from 80 Hz to 1 kHz. The sensitivity of the sensor was found to be 5.7 pC/g throughout the tested frequency and temperature range. In addition, YCOB piezoelectric accelerometers remained the same sensitivity at 1000 degrees C for a dwell time of four hours, exhibiting high stability and reliability. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3598115]“
“Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and anthracnose (Sphaceloma ampelinum) are two major diseases that severely affect most MK-2206 nmr grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cultivars grown commercially in Thailand. Progress of conventional breeding programs of grapevine for improved resistance to these diseases can be speeded up by selection of molecular markers associated with resistance

traits. We evaluated the association between 13 resistance gene analog (RGA)-single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) markers with resistance to downy mildew and anthracnose in 71 segregating progenies of seven cross combinations between susceptible cultivars and resistant lines. F-1 hybrids from each cross were assessed for resistance to downy mildew and anthracnose (isolates Nk4-1 and Rc2-1) under laboratory conditions. Association of resistance traits with RGA-SSCP markers was evaluated using simple linear regression analysis.

Three RGA-SSCP markers were found to be significantly correlated with anthracnose resistance, whereas significant correlation with downy mildew resistance was observed for only one RGA-SSCP marker. These results demonstrate the usefulness of RGA-SSCP markers. click here Four candidate markers with significant associations to resistance to these two major diseases of grapevine were identified. However, these putative associations between markers and resistance need to be verified with larger segregating populations before they can be used for marker-assisted selection.”
“How cells regulate their size from one generation to the next has remained an enigma for decades. Recently, a molecular mechanism that links cell size and cell cycle was proposed in fission yeast. This mechanism involves changes in the spatial cellular distribution of two proteins, Pom1 and Cdr2, as the cell grows. Pom1 inhibits Cdr2 while Cdr2 promotes the G2 -> M transition. Cdr2 is localized in the middle cell region (midcell) whereas the concentration of Pom1 is highest at the cell tips and declines towards the midcell.